Biography of James Chadwick

Nining Setyo Azizah (09/X MIPA)
 

James Chadwick is a British physicist born on 20 October 1891, in Cheshire, England. He graduated from the University of Manchester Honors School of Physics in 1911 and spent the next two years working on various radioactivity problems at the Physics Laboratory in Manchester. He earned an M.Sc. in 1913 as well as the Exhibition Scholarship of 1851. 

He continued his research and moved to Berlin to work with Professor Hans Geiger. Chadwick was elected a Fellow of Gonville and Caius College (1921-1935) and became assistant director of research at the Cavendish Laboratory in 1923. In 1927, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. In 1932, Chadwick proved the existence of neutrons, paving the way for the fission of Uranium 235 and the creation of the atomic bomb. He was awarded the Hughes Medal from the Royal Society in 1932, and then the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1935. In the same year, he was elected Chair of Lyon Jones Physics at the University of Liverpool. 

From 1943 to 1946, Chadwick worked in the United States as Head of the British Mission in collaboration with the Manhattan Project at Los Alamos and was a leading advocate for developing the atomic bomb in England, the principal scientist associated with the effort. He returned to Cambridge in 1948, serving as Master of Gonville and Caius College until his retirement in 1959. He served as a part-time member of the British Atomic Energy Authority from 1957 to 1962.

Knighted by King George VI in 1945, Chadwick published many papers on the topic of radioactivity and related problems. Together with Lord Rutherford and C.D. Ellis, he wrote the book Radiations from Radioactive Substances (1930). He passed away in 1974.

https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Chadwick

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