Biography of Cornelis Drebbel

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Cornelis Jacobszoon Drebbel (1572-1633) was a Dutch scientist, artist, engineer and inventor . Drebbel was born in Alkmaar , Netherlands and died in London , England . He is best known for designing the first crewed submarine . Early in his life, Drebbel served as assistant engraver Hendrick Goltzius . In 1598 , Drebbel was awarded two patents. The first is for hydraulic pumps and fountains, and the second is a clock whose energy source comes from differences in atmospheric pressure and temperature. Drebbel also mastered the technology of glassmaking and lens engraving. This deep understanding of technology made Drebbel famous and was invited to England as a courtier to King James I . Later, in 1610, Drebbel was invited by Emperor Rudolph II of the Holy Roman Empire . In 1612 , however , Rudolph II died, and Drebbel was imprisoned. Drebbel was later rescued and returned to England. In 1620 , Drebbel presented his most famous invention to King James I of England, namely a passenger submarine. According to observers' descriptions, the ship was made like a wooden boat that had a roof, encased in waterproof skin, a waterproof valve as an entrance in the middle, a propeller, and several oars. The submarine moves with human-powered paddles, water can be pumped in and out of tubes inside the submarine so that the ship is able to sink and float. How Drebbel retained oxygen in submarines is a mystery, it is thought he made oxygen by heating sodium nitrateand use hydroxide ions to absorb carbon dioxide . During his life, Drebbel produced various works of scientific findings. Like a piano that can move on its own using solar power, a kind of magic lantern, and a camera obsecura . He produced various types of microscopes and telescopes . Drebbel also invented the incubator for chicken eggs, and a thermostat that kept the incubator at a constant temperature. He invented a kind of thermometer . The invention of the thermometer was used by his family in the ink industry. Drebbel also designed the fountain belonging to the English palace. Although not as famous as Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei , Drebbel gained recognition in the late 20th century . A crater on the moon is named after Drebbel. sumber : https://id.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornelis_Drebbel

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